Barium enema (contrast study of the colon)

Barium enema (contrast study of the colon)

Barium enema in Tunis, Tunisia · Centre Urbain Nord

Barium enema in Tunis: X-ray of the colon after filling it with a contrast liquid introduced through the anus, single or double contrast.

What is it?

A barium enema is an X-ray examination of the large intestine (colon and rectum). A thin tube placed in the anus is used to fill the colon with barium, a liquid that shows up on X-rays, while the radiologist follows the filling on a screen. In single contrast, only barium is used; in double contrast, air is added to unfold the bowel wall and see it better. This examination is now often replaced by colonoscopy or CT colonography; it still has specific indications decided by your doctor. If a bowel perforation is suspected, barium is not used: a water-soluble iodinated agent replaces it.

When is it indicated?

Incomplete or impossible colonoscopy

It shows parts of the colon that the endoscope could not reach, on medical advice.

Assessment before colon surgery

It shows the shape and length of the colon and the location of a narrowing.

Checking a colon suture

With a water-soluble agent, it checks that a suture is watertight before bowel continuity is restored.

Diverticula or narrowing

It may show diverticula or a narrowed area of the colon.

Preparation

1Tell us before the examination if you are pregnant or think you might be
2Follow the bowel preparation (low-fibre diet and laxative) given when you book: a clean colon is essential
3Tell us about recent bowel surgery, severe diarrhoea or bleeding
4Tell us about any allergy to iodinated contrast if a water-soluble agent is planned
5Bring your referral and any previous X-rays or reports of the same area

Procedure

1

You remove clothing and metal objects from the area being examined, in a changing cubicle

2

You lie on your side and a thin lubricated tube is placed in the anus

3

The liquid flows gently into the colon; a feeling of fullness and an urge to open your bowels are usual

4

In double contrast, air is then blown in, which may cause bloating

5

You lie on an X-ray table that can tilt; you may be asked to change position

6

The radiologist follows the contrast agent live on a screen (fluoroscopy) and takes images at the right moments

7

After the examination, you go to the toilet to pass the liquid; drink plenty of fluids over the following days

Duration

About 30 to 45 minutes

Results

The images are analysed by a radiologist, who writes a report. It is given to you with the images and sent to your doctor, who will explain the results and the next steps. You will be told on the day of the examination when the results will be ready.

Precautions and contraindications

Higher X-ray dose than a plain X-ray, because images are taken over several minutes, but kept as low as possible
Not performed during pregnancy, except in specific medical circumstances
Discomfort, cramps and bloating during the examination, which then pass
Barium may cause constipation and turn stools white: drink plenty of fluids
Bowel perforation: exceptional; this is why barium is not used if the bowel is thought to be fragile

Your doctor and the radiology team will inform you in detail before the examination. Feel free to ask them your questions.

This information is general and does not replace the advice of your doctor, who chooses the examination suited to your situation.

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